This report (2007) is the result of one of the NRDC Effective Practice Projects. These were a suite of five research projects that had the common aim of investigating the effective teaching of language, literacy, numeracy and ICT to adults. The projects were carried out in two phases, in 2003/04 and 2004/05. The targets for each study across the two years were to recruit and gather background data on 250 learners, assess their attainment and attitudes at two points during the year, observe the strategies that their teachers used, and correlate those strategies with changes in the learners’ attainment and attitudes.