The Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) was created under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) to make independent, well-informed and considered decisions on whether to bar people from working with vulnerable adults and/or children. This research was undertaken to specifically explore: the behaviours demonstrated by the referred individuals that lead to their referral; the circumstances in terms of relationships, culture and policy within which the harm occurred and was reported; and actions taken by the employer leading up to and in response to those behaviours.